Owner’s equity is represented on the balance sheet as the residual interest remaining after liabilities are deducted from assets. It is displayed under the equity
Book Value And Market Value Book value and market value are often contrasted to highlight the difference between accounting records and economic reality. Book value
Financial ratios are widely used as essential tools for evaluating business performance and stability. Liquidity ratios are employed to determine whether short-term obligations can be
Depreciation and Amortization Depreciation and amortization are systematic processes used to allocate costs and manage obligations within financial reporting. Depreciation is applied to tangible assets,
Working Capital The importance of working capital is recognized through its influence on liquidity management, operational efficiency, flexibility and growth, risk management, and cost management.
Retained Earnings Retained earnings (RE) are understood as the cumulative portion of net income that has been preserved within a company rather than distributed to shareholders. The accumulation
